Ans: Any person can file the personal interest litigation in Supreme Court related to matters of public at large. The public interest litigation can not be filed for private matters. PIL can be filed under Article 32 of Indian Constitution in Supreme Court and under Article 226 of Indian Constitution in High Court. Under section 133 of Cr.P.C, a Magistrate also has the power to order in the matters of public welfare. A person can directly go in Supreme Court for public interest litigation but the matter must have great importance. Whenever there is an infringement of human rights or there is violation of constitutional rights, the public interest litigation is filed. The PIL can be filed in Court through an advocate or counsel or can also be filed by sending the issue through post to court. If court finds it suitable, the court can take the cognizance of the issue.
Ans: Article 144 of the Indian Constitution is part of Chapter IV of the Union Judiciary. Article 144 of the Indian Constitution discusses the civil and judicial authorities’ obligations to assist the Supreme Court. In Indian territory, all authorities, civil and judicial, have been directed to act in support of the Supreme Court.
Ans: Article 131 of the Indian Constitution provides that the Supreme Court has original jurisdiction in any dispute in following matters: I. Between the Government of India and one or more States; or II. Between the Government of India and any State; or States on one side and one or more other States on the other; or III. Between two or more States The Supreme Court does not have the jurisdiction in dispute arising out of any treaty, agreement, covenant, engagement, sanad or other similar instrument which, having been entered into or executed before the commencement of this Constitution, continues in operation after such commencement, or which provides that the said jurisdiction shall not extend to such a dispute (e.g. Water Dispute). The framers of the Constitution intended that only the constituent units of the Union of India and the Government of India and / or one or more States can be parties to the Court in matters pertaining to Article 131. However, the term State does not...
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